THE REALITY OF DECISION MAKING

Name :Aldi Antono Purwanto

NPM  :10212571

Class  :1EA17

THE REALITY OF DECISION MAKING

Understanding Decision Making

1. According to George R. Terry

Decision making is the selection of alternative behavior (behavior) of certain of two or more alternatives.

2. According S.P. Siagian

Decision making is a systematic approach to the nature of the alternatives they face and take appropriate action according to the calculations is the most appropriate action.

3. According to James A.F. Stoner

Decision making is a process used to choose an action as a way of solving the problem.

Notions of the above decision, it can be concluded that decision making is a process of selecting the best alternative from several alternatives systematically to follow up (used) as a way of solving the problem

  According Sondang P. Siagian was quoted as saying by the GK. Manila

in his book Management Practices in State Government, there

four models of decision making that is:

a. Model optimization. Decision-making in order to obtain results

which can be achieved and can not be separated from the limited resources

no. This model is based on the maximum criteria, probability, and

benefits.

b.Models satisfying. Decision making is not solely

through rationality and logic approach procedure but in reality,

so that decision makers are satisfied with and proud when

decisions taken are adequate to fruition.

c. Mixed scanning models. Decision-making that incorporates

Among high rationality approach with a pragmatic approach.

d. Heuristic models. Decision making based on concepts entirely

ynag held by decision makers that is based on

his own views on the problem at hand.

While Bedjo Siswanto in his book Modern Management

said there are two models of decision making that often there

within the organization, namely:

a. Normative model, which is a model of decision making

embody the manager about how he should take

a group decision. These models have generally been developed by

economists and other management scientists. One example of this model

in educational institutions is about financial budgeting.

b. Descriptive models, ie models that explain the decision-making

concrete behavior and this model has been developed by behavioral scientists

VOCABULARY

pragmatic ks. pragmatis. to take a p. approach to s.t. memandang sesuatu menurut kegunaannya.

embody kkt. (embodied) 1 mewujudkan. 2 menaruh, menambahkan, membubuhkan, memasukkan.

according menurut

behavior kb. 1 kelakuan. 2 tindak-tanduk. 3 jalan. on o's best b. bertingkah laku dengan sopan.

certain ks. 1 pasti, (ter)tentu. 2 beberapa. 3 khusus. 4 yang dapat dipercaya. -certainly kk. 1 pasti, tentu (saja). 2 memang.

approach kb. 1 mendekatnya, datangnya, menjelang, tibanya. 2 jalan. 3 perdekatan, pendekatan.

appropriate ks. 1 tepat. He came at the a. moment Ia datang pada waktu yang tepat. 2 cocok, pantas, kena.. --kkt. 1 menyediakan. 2 mengambil untuk diri sendiri.

solving memecahkan

conclude kkt. 1 menutup, mengakhiri. 2 menandatangani. 3 menyimpulkan. -kki. menarik kesimpulan, berpendapat.

quote kb. 1 kutipan. 2 tanda kutip. in quotes dalam tanda kutip. -kkt. 1 mengutip, memetik (from a book). 2 memberikan. 3 mengulangi. 4 mengutip.

optimization optimisasi

obtain kkt. 1 mendapat(kan), memperoleh. 2 menghasilkan. -kki. berlaku.

separate kb. salinan (from a periodical). -ks. 1 terpisah. 2 tersendiri. -kkt. 1 memisahkan (milk). 2 menjarakkan (two boxers). -kki. 1 berpisah (of a couple). 2 putus (of a wire, rope). -separately kk. terpis

probability kb. (j. -ties) kemungkinan. The p. of snow is great Kemungkinan jatuhnya salju adalah besar.b.

benefit kb. 1 kebaikan, manfaat. 2 kepentingan. b. of the doubt pembebasan dari dakwaan. of b. berguna, berfaedah. -kkt. menguntungkan. -kki. beruntung.

satisfying memuaskan

solely semata-mata

rationality kb. (j. -ties) rasionalitas

approach kb. 1 mendekatnya, datangnya, menjelang, tibanya. 2 jalan. 3 perdekatan, pendekatan.

adequate ks. 1 cukup, memadai. My income is a. Penghasilan saya cukup. 2 mampu. a. to the task mampu mengerjakan tugas.

fruition kb. hasil yang diperoleh. to come to f. berhasil/terlaksana dengan baik.

incorporate kkt. 1 memasukkan. 2 menggabungkan, menjadikan badan hukum. -incorporated ks. 1 tergabung, berbentuk badan hukum. 2 perseroan terbatas. i. firm perusahaan perseroan terbatas.

budgeting penganggaran

concrete kb. beton. c. base dasar/fondasi beton. c. slab pelat beton. -ks. konkrit. c. example contoh yang kongkrit.

behavioral ks. yang berhubungan dengan kelakuan atau pscientist kb. ahli ilmu pengetahuan, sarjana

erangi. b. science ilmu pengetahuan sosial (yang berhubungan dengan tingkah laku manusia, seperti sosiologi, antropologi, psikologi).

http://arieswahyu89.blogspot.com/2012/04/reality-of-decision-making.html?m=

The Five-Step Decision Making Process

Name :Aldi Antono Purwanto

NPM  :10212571

Class  :1EA17

The Five-Step Decision Making Process

   You can adapt the familiar five-step decision making process (outlined below) to decide which program or service to assess.

   Step 1 Identifying/clarifying the decision to be made. If the decision has not yet been isolated, it should be identified as a first step. Sometimes the decision to be made will have been presented to the decision maker. In those situations, Step 1 calls for the clarification of what the decision actually entails.

   Step 2 Identifying possible decision options. The next step requires the decision maker to spell out, as clearly as possible, just what the decision alternatives really are. For instance, if one were attempting to buy a bicycle, do the decision options only consist of the different types of bicycles, or is another option to refrain from buying a bicycle altogether?

.

  

Step 3 Gathering/processing information. Next, the decision maker collects or processes information that can help guide the decision. If such information is already at hand, then it simply needs to be processed; that is, studied and understood by the decision maker. If there is no relevant information available, or if there is insufficient information, then such information must be collected so it can be processed. The more significant the decision, the more rigorous the information-gathering process.

Step 4 Making/implementing the decision. After the information has been considered according to its relevance and significance, a decision based on that information should be made and, thereafter, implemented.

   Step 5 Evaluating the decision. In recognition of the fact that not all of one's decisions are likely to be defensible, the final step in the five-step decision making process is to determine whether the decision was appropriate. Ordinarily, this will be done by ascertaining the decision's consequences.

VOCABULARY

consequence kb. 1 akibat, konsekwensi. 2 kemuliaan. in c. of berpegang pada, disebabkan oleh, sebagai akibat dari.

ascertaining memastikan

ordinarily biasanya

appropriate ks. 1 tepat. He came at the a. moment Ia datang pada waktu yang tepat. 2 cocok, pantas, kena.. --

kkt. 1 menyediakan. 2 mengambil untuk diri sendiri.

evaluate kkt. menilai, mengevaluasi, menaksir.

considered mempertimbangkan

adapt kkt. 1 membiasakan, menyesuaikan. 2 menyadur.3 merubah. --kki. menyesuaikan diri. Children a. easily to new situations Anak-anak dgn mudah menyesuaikan diri kepada keadaan baru.

identify kkt. (identified) mengenal(i) memperkenalkan. -kki. to i. with a party memihak kepada suatu partai.

entail kkt. 1 memerlukan, membawakan. to e. great resposibility membawakan tanggung jawab yang besar. 2

meminta. to e. considerable expense meminta perongkosan yang besar.

require kkt. 1 memerlukan, membutuhkan (a lot of work, much money). 2 mengharuskan. 3 mewajibkan. 4 menghendaki. 5 memaksa. -kki. dibutuhkan, diperlukan. -required ks. wajib.

alternative kb. pilihan (antara dua hal), alternatip, jalan lain --ks. cadangan.

instance kb. 1 hal. 2 contoh. for i. misalnya, umpamanya.

attempt kb. percobaan, usaha. He will succeed or perish in the a. Ia akan berhasil atau mati didalam percobaan. -kkt. mencoba. The plane attemped a landing Kapal terbang itu mencoba mendarat.

consist kki. terdiri, diperbuat (of dari,atas). The fabric consists of nylon and dacron Kain itu terdiri dari nylon dan

dacron.

refrain kb. Mus.: bagian ulangan. -kki. menahan diri (from supaya jangan).

altogether kb. in the a. dengan telanjang bulat. --kk. 1 semuanya. 2 sama sekali. 3 pada keseluruhannya

guide kb. 1 buku pedoman. 2 pandu, pemandu. -kkt. 1 mengemudikan (a car, boat). 2 menuntun. 3 menjadi penunjuk jalan. 4 mempedomani. g. word kata penunjuk. -guided ks. kendali.

insufficient ks. tidak cukup.

significant ks. penting, berarti. a s. day in our history hari yang penting dalam sejarah kita.

rigorous ks. 1 keras. 2 dengan teliti, setepat-tepatnya.

according menurut 

relevance kb. perlunya, hubungan, pertalian, sangkut-pautnya.

thereafter kk. sesudah itu, kemudian.

implemented menerapkan

SUMBER: http://myedison.tesc.edu/tescdocs/Web_Courses/EDL-530/documents/DecisionMaking_Proc.htm